Фінансова діяльність сільськогосподарської кооперації Української СРР в умовах соціально-економічних трансформацій (1921–1929 рр.)

Abstract

Дисертація є науковим історичним дослідженням, у якому на основі джерельної бази та сучасних методологічних засад подано комплексний узагальнюючий аналіз механізму впровадження основних аспектів фінансової діяльності української сільськогосподарської кооперації доби непу та її вплив на підвищення продуктивності і товарності селянських господарств. Визначено чинники функціонування вітчизняної сільськогосподарської кооперації доби непу, проаналізовано механізми впровадження найефективніших форм і методів її господарської діяльності. З’ясовано причини виникнення та закономірності розвитку кредитної кооперації. Прослідковано організаційно-фінансові форми діяльності вітчизняної кооперативної системи щодо підвищення продуктивності сільськогосподарського виробництва, показано роль сільськогосподарської кооперації у забезпеченні селянських господарств основними засобами виробництва. The thesis is devoted to a comprehensive generalizing analysis of the mechanism for introducing the main aspects of financial activities of Ukrainian agricultural cooperation during the period of the new economic policy and their impact on the increase of the productivity and marketability of farms. In the first part, on the basis of a comprehensive generalizing study of historical sources, historiographic achievements and modern methodological tools, the mechanisms for introducing the main aspects of financial activities of agricultural cooperation of the NEP period and their impact on the increase of the productivity and marketability of peasant farms are analyzed. It is emphasized that a comprehensive assessment of financial activities of agricultural cooperation of the 1920s in Ukraine has not yet become the subject of a special general study. In the second part of the thesis, socio-political and economic factors of the functioning of domestic agricultural cooperation in the years of NEP are revealed. The reasons of the emergence and the mechanisms of development and functioning of credit cooperation are clarified. It is proved that the state intervention in the organization of cooperative system, administrative command pressure and the course of the Soviet state on complete collectivization, which did not provide for any freedom of economic actions, led to the destruction of credit cooperation. The agricultural credit is characterized as an important factor in the development of farms, the expediency of creating a special system of agricultural credit, which has concentrated both state and peasant funds, is justified. The social composition of participants in agricultural cooperation has been analyzed, both the economic nature of studying the social composition of participants in agricultural cooperation and the division of social groups of peasants into the poor, middle and wealthy ones; and the political nature of the study of social groups, the analysis of which has clearly demonstrated the active policy of the communist party to encourage poor socio-economic groups of peasants to cooperate, are shown. In the third part, the main aspects of economic activities of the Ukrainian agricultural cooperation are revealed, the most effective forms and methods of economic activities of domestic cooperative system are determined. It is concluded that the marketing and supply work of cooperative system contributed to the rise of agriculture productive forces to the highest level of the development, because the cooperation was not only organizing production in peasant farms, but also paid considerable attention to its market sales. The role of special agricultural cooperation in growing the agricultural production, increasing the productivity of peasant labor and the marketability of individual peasant farming, improving the food supply of industrial centers, ensuring the stability of the raw material base of the processing industry has been elucidated. The necessity of applying contracting methods of management for the reconstruction and effective development of agricultural production is shown, since the contracting contributed to the growth of economic interest of peasants in developing the productivity of their own farms and intensified their entrepreneurial activities. In the fourth part, organizational and financial forms of cooperative system activities to increase the productivity of agricultural production are traced, and the role of agricultural cooperation in providing peasant farms with the basic means of production is shown. It is proved that during the 1920s agricultural cooperation developed a wide range of forms and methods of work to provide farms with agricultural machinery. A considerable attention is paid to the analysis of financial support of agricultural activities of the Ukrainian agricultural cooperation, which led to the conclusion that the increase of agriindustrial and agricultural level of agricultural production in general and peasant farms in particular was the effective way of tangible economic growth, significant intensification of agriculture, therefore the solution of the problems of financial support of agricultural activities of agricultural cooperation acquired actual importance. In general, the accumulated theoretical propositions, conclusions and generalizations contained in the work significantly expand modern knowledge of the history of cooperative movement in the years of NEP.