Становлення і розвиток інформатики та її впровадження у вищій школі України (друга половина ХХ – початок ХХІ століття)

Abstract

У дисертаційному дослідженні вивчено еволюцію інформатики та впровадження інформаційних технологій у вищій школі України протягом другої половини ХХ – початку ХХІ століття. Простежено розвиток нормативно-правового забезпечення впровадження інформатики та інформатизації у вищу освіту, вивчено розвиток наукових ідей про інформатику у вишах України, розкрито історію розвитку науково-технологічного забезпечення комп’ютеризації навчального процесу та дистанційного навчання у вищій школі, висвітлені особливості та закономірності розвитку науково-технічного забезпечення інформатизації наукових бібліотек, досліджено історію комп’ютерного, телекомунікаційного та програмного забезпечення вищих навчальних закладів нашої держави протягом означеного періоду, еволюцію науково-освітніх магістральних 47 комп’ютерних мереж обміну даними та розподілених програмно-апаратних комп’ютерних середовищ закладів освіти та науки України. The relevance of the research is conditioned by the demand to overcome current interdisciplinary differences of the scientific research in the history of science and technology, systematic sciences, cybernetics and human sciences which have been formed into a huge historiography array. Its objective is to reproduce the integral picture of the history of formation and development of computer science and its introduction into Higher Education in Ukraine in the second part of ХХ – beginning of the ХХІ century. The dissertation research presents the historiography analysis of the literature about the subject of the research in four groups of works. They are history of the creation of computer science and completing universities of Ukraine with computers; history of cybernetics and computer science; history of computerization of education process at universities; history of application of information technologies in the organization of activity of higher education in Ukraine. The sources used to realize the research tasks are different by their origin, heuristic potential and completeness of various aspects of the problem. They give grounds to state that the studied empirical array provides a reliable foundation for a complex understanding of the theme and solving its scientific tasks. We used fundamental principles and methods, general scientific methods and a complex of methods and technologies applied to solve certain special scientific tasks. The dissertation research analyses the regularities of the evolution of computer science as the science and technology and its introduction into higher education of Ukraine in the context of development of the European and world science during the second part of the ХХ – beginning of the ХХІ century. The work presents a systemized legal provision of the development of computer science and information technologies in higher education of Ukraine and a completed author’s division in periods. The three basic categories of the documents concerning the preparation and realization of the legal provision of the process of computerization of higher education of Ukraine were defined. The author suggested the division in periods of the history of formation and development of computer science and information technologies at higher educational institutions of our country. The information about the role of scientific schools in the development of computer science, scientific interaction of scholars of universities and academic institutions of Ukraine was selected and systemized. The information about the influence of the level of the development of computers on the performance of scientific research in computer science and cybernetics has also been systemized. The author introduced into scientific circulation documents which present the complete picture of the evolution of the scientific thought concerning the problems of the development of computer science in higher education of Ukraine and grounded the process of computerization of the national higher education. The genesis of computer, telecommunication and software sufficiency of different types of higher educational institutions of Ukraine during the studied historic period was covered in historic and comparable aspect. The division on the stages of the evolution of hardware and software sufficiency at higher educational establishments of Ukraine was suggested. Basic regularities of the development of local networks and software for 49 information systems of higher educational establishments were also suggested. The complex of historical factors and scientific and technical conditions which accelerated introduction of information and communication technologies in order to organize educational, managerial, scientific, technical and library processes of higher education of our country was arranged. Basic regularities of the development of scientific provision concerning the application of information technologies for the organization of education process and the development of university libraries were defined. The relations and interplays of the processes of creation of educational and scientific networks, the systems of distributed computing of higher educational establishments and academic institutions of Ukraine were established. The results of the research acquired further development of scientific discussion concerning the trends in the development of computer science in higher education, genesis of hardware and software sufficiency at the Ukrainian universities, prospects of the development of information technologies in the organization of educational, managerial, scientific, technical and library processes at the universities of our country.